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Data centers · Steel support structures

Data Centers

Innozinc and Innozinc-h protect cable trays, rack frames, seismic supports and threaded rods with Ceramic Galvanizing. KEMP develops component specifications around corrosion resistance, dimensional tolerances and assembly conditions, including galvanic-corrosion assessment for dissimilar-metal interfaces.

Server-rack aisle in a data center
96%↓
Reported polarization result
Relative to tested HDG specimen
1,500–2,000hr
SST grade guidance
Innozinc-h
65%↓
Reported galvanic current density
Carbon-steel counterface; HDG reference
8µm
Reference coating thickness
Confirm specification and measurement location
KTR test reference Review specimen and rust criteria Galvanic comparison Counterface-dependent Industrial specifications References available for review Certificates Review current scope · Patents Portfolio details on request
Ceramic zinc coating · Innozinc Request reports
Why it matters

Four design considerations

Controlled rooms still require management of electrical contamination and electrochemical corrosion. Also consider fabrication, coating coverage and component assembly.

01

Zinc whiskers

Zinc whiskers are conductive metallic filaments that can grow from zinc-coated surfaces. Their growth and incubation vary. NASA has documented electronic failures associated with whisker contamination, including zinc-coated raised-floor structures. Assess the actual equipment and particle pathways.

Thickness alone does not determine whisker risk. Published experiments describe thickness-dependent behaviour under particular plating conditions, not a universal safe or unsafe threshold for all data-center components.

Define contamination controls before material approval Background references: NASA, Brusse & Sampson (2004); Takemura (1986); Wu, Ashworth & Wilcox (2015). These do not validate Innozinc whisker suppression.
02

Galvanic corrosion

Stainless-steel fasteners contacting zinc-coated steel can create galvanic interfaces when an electrolyte is present. The cited Innozinc-h comparison reported 65% lower galvanic current density with a carbon-steel counterface than its HDG reference. This value must not be attributed to an SUS304-bolt joint.

Assess electrolyte, area ratio and counterface
03

Salt and chemical exposure

Review salt, condensation and chemical exposure separately. Innozinc-h SST guidance is 1,500–2,000 hr. The cited 10% HCl, three-minute immersion result does not qualify continuous acid service.

SST: 1,500–2,000 hr · Chemical compatibility review
04

Cut edges and bends

Pre-coated Zn–Mg–Al sheet is cut and formed after coating. Review cut-edge coverage, bend damage and fabrication stresses. Although stress can contribute to whisker growth, it does not establish whisker behaviour for a particular sheet product. Obtain relevant supplier data.

Post-fabrication coating can cover accessible edges Background: stress and microstructure research; obtain product-specific data for any coating comparison.
Do not infer product performance from a general mechanism. Stress alone does not prove that whiskers will grow. The relevant requirement is evidence for the actual material, coating and fabrication conditions. Apply the same requirement to Innozinc and competing systems.
Mechanism 01 · Zinc Whisker

Corrosion resistance and surface quality
for structures near electronics

KEMP's polarization comparison reported a 96% lower corrosion-rate estimate than its hot-dip-galvanized reference under the reported test conditions. This is corrosion evidence; product-specific whisker evaluation addresses internal stress, microstructure and service conditions. Published stress thresholds and deposit stresses depend on study conditions and are not universal design limits. Electro-zinc coatings require application-specific risk review.

96%↓
Reported polarization comparison
Corrosion reference only; request method and original report
What this test can show

Polarization evaluates electrochemical corrosion behaviour under the test conditions. It does not measure whisker incubation, density, growth rate or electrical safety.

Product-specific whisker evaluation

Whisker initiation and growth require direct observation of the relevant product. Define specimen preparation, exposure conditions and acceptance criteria for the actual coating and finished component.

Reference SEM image of zinc whiskers near conductors
Zinc whisker reference image. Conductive filaments can bridge electrical conductors. This image is not an Innozinc product-qualification result.
Reported 480-hour salt spray comparison of ceramic zinc and electro-zinc coated supports
480-hour salt spray reference. The cited electro-zinc specimen showed red rust at 120 hours. Compare specimen preparation, thickness and acceptance criteria in the report; this is not a whisker test.

① Corrosion performance Corrosion data

The coating system should be evaluated against the required corrosion and assembly conditions.

  • Coating structure — review zinc and inorganic-layer coverage; assess whisker diffusion pathways with direct product-specific evidence where required.
  • Residual stress — evaluate relevant stress measurements and microstructure in the actual coating and fabrication condition.
  • Corrosion behaviour — use the reported 96% polarization difference within the stated corrosion-test conditions.
  • Product-specific evidence — evaluate Innozinc with its own specimens; zinc–nickel and other coating studies apply to their respective systems.

② Electronics-related qualification Component requirements

Define the qualification criteria for components near sensitive electronics.

  • Electrical conductivity of zinc whiskers — zinc whiskers are metallic conductors; the product name does not establish electrical insulation.
  • Electrical isolation at the component level — do not rely on an unqualified surface film as an electrical safety barrier.
  • Whisker penetration resistance — performance depends on the coating and must be validated directly.
Scope of the test evidence
Polarization and salt spray tests evaluate corrosion and do not directly measure whisker growth. These results do not establish a whisker-free condition, delayed initiation, slower growth or electrical insulation for Innozinc. Zinc whiskers are conductive metal filaments. Where whisker control is required, agree a zinc-appropriate protocol, controls and acceptance criteria with a qualified laboratory.

Component evaluation support Application conditions

Agree an evaluation program for the actual coating and finished component, reflecting the required surface condition, contamination control, material, process and service environment.

Surface discoloration Inspection criteria

Assess darkening and white rust against agreed appearance and corrosion criteria. Discoloration and whisker growth do not have an established fixed sequence; visual inspection alone cannot determine whisker absence or onset.

Reference images of discoloration on a nominal 9 µm ceramic zinc coating
Plan evaluation from the sample stage
Define coating specifications, specimen preparation, observation intervals and acceptance criteria around the component and equipment requirements. Use dedicated whisker evaluation alongside corrosion testing.

Zinc coating Conceptual layer illustration

Whiskers may create conductive contamination. The illustration does not predict growth rate or compare coating systems quantitatively.

Steel substrate Zinc coating Conductive particles: assess electronics risk

Innozinc / Innozinc-h Conceptual coating structure

Conceptual structure of electrodeposited zinc with an inorganic ceramic layer. The illustration describes the coating layers; it is not a measured whisker-suppression result.

Steel substrate Zinc layer inorganic ceramic film Inorganic layer · conceptual structure Agree a product-specific qualification protocol
Coordinate surface protection and equipment maintenance
Assess particles from raised floors and overhead structures together with their paths into equipment. Combine qualified material selection, cleaning and protective coatings as appropriate. Validate structural-coating changes using product-specific evidence and equipment requirements.
Background references: Lindborg (1975/1976); Sugiarto (1984); Takemura (1986); NASA, Brusse & Sampson (2004); Lahtinen & Gustafsson (2005/2006); NASA NEPP; Wu, Ashworth & Wilcox (2015); Arroyo et al. (2021). Literature references do not certify Innozinc performance.
Mechanism 02

Review dissimilar-metal interfaces

Inspect joints as part of operation & maintenance. Compare galvanic current under a defined counterface, electrolyte and area ratio, not generic material rankings.

HDG test reference Coated steel component Counterface: carbon steel test Galvanic interface Behaviour depends on exposure and area ratio Assess corrosion and joint integrity Reported reference current density: 100% Innozinc-h test specimen Coated steel component Counterface: carbon steel test Reported coating-system comparison Not a universal galvanic compatibility rating Carbon-steel comparison; SS316 result separately: 49% lower Reported relative current density: 35% (65% lower)
The cited catalogue comparison reports 65% lower current density with carbon steel and 49% lower with SS316 versus HDG. Request electrode area ratios, electrolyte, temperature and the original data. These figures are not measurements of an SUS304-bolt installation.
Product Lineup

Selecting Innozinc or Innozinc-h

Both use a ceramic zinc coating system. The appropriate grade, thickness and process depend on exposure, component geometry and acceptance criteria. Whisker-sensitive applications require separate qualification.

Innozinc
Standard grade · Application review required
  • SST guidance: 720–1,000 hr — confirm specimen and rust criteria
  • Galvanic interfaces: review the coupled metals and exposure
  • Reference deposit: 8 µm — specify thickness locations and verify thread fit
  • Topcoat compatibility: verify the selected paint system
  • Chemical screening: confirm report scope. Low-temperature processing reduces heat-related distortion risk.
Candidate applicationsIndoor trays, rack frames, channels, floor supports and hangers, subject to corrosion, electrical and contamination requirements.
Higher corrosion-resistance grade
Innozinc-h
High-corrosion-resistance grade · Not a stainless-steel substitute by default
  • SST guidance: 1,500–2,000 hr — confirm the supporting report and acceptance criteria
  • Galvanic comparison: counterface-dependent — reported 65% reduction applies to carbon steel
  • Chemical screening: review test conditions — 10% HCl immersion for three minutes does not qualify continuous acid service
  • Thickness, fit and painting: confirm the actual specification
  • Compare total component cost and qualification requirements before considering a change from stainless steel
Candidate applicationsCoastal, outdoor and condensation-prone supports or galvanic interfaces. Confirm salt and chemical exposure, materials and electrical requirements.

A project may consider Innozinc and Innozinc-h in different exposure zones. Share drawings and performance requirements to agree the specification and validation plan.

Data

Coating and material references

Catalogue references and current grade guidance. Comparisons require equivalent test conditions and acceptance criteria.

SST reference and grade guidance · Bars show upper values on a 2,000-hour scale; test endpoints differ
Zinc electroplating
240h
Hot-dip galvanizing
500h
Innozinc
720–1,000 hr
Innozinc-h
1,500–2,000 hr

SUS304 is a base material, not a zinc coating. Zinc white-rust criteria do not apply to it; the reference does not establish direct equivalence.

ItemZinc electroplatingHot-dip galvanizingInnozincInnozinc-hSUS304 (base material)
SST reference / grade guidance240 hr (reference)500 hr (reference)720–1,000 hr1,500–2,000 hrNot a zinc white-rust criterion
10% HCl, three-minute screeningPoor (catalogue rating)Poor (catalogue rating)Fair (catalogue rating)Good (catalogue rating)Good (catalogue rating)
Polarization corrosion comparison–Reference: 100%Reported 96% reductionReported 96% reduction–
Galvanic comparison: test-specific ratingPoor (catalogue rating)Poor (catalogue rating)Good (catalogue rating)Very good (catalogue rating)Fair (catalogue rating)
Whisker qualificationApplication-specific evidence requiredApplication-specific evidence requiredProduct-specific zinc-whisker evaluationProduct-specific zinc-whisker evaluationNot a zinc coating
Coating Thickness8µm↑50~77µm8µm↑8µm↑–
Fastener fit / tolerancesVerify specified systemVerify specified systemVerify specified systemVerify specified systemVerify specified system
Topcoat adhesionVerify specified systemVerify specified systemVerify specified systemVerify specified systemVerify specified system
Process temperature / dimensional reviewAmbient electrodepositionHot dipping, approximately 450°CAmbient electrodepositionAmbient electrodeposition–
Chemical screening / compliance reviewSpecification-dependentSpecification-dependent26-analyte reference; confirm report scope26-analyte reference; confirm report scopeConfirm material compliance requirements

References include ASTM B117 salt spray conditions (5% NaCl, 35°C) and three-minute immersion in 10% HCl. Request the original KTR reports, including specimen preparation and the analytes actually tested. IEC 62321-6 is not a blanket test for all RoHS substances. These comparisons support review, not automatic approval.

Match acceptance criteria before comparing hours. White rust concerns zinc corrosion, whereas red rust concerns the steel substrate. A red-rust endpoint cannot be directly compared with a white-rust endpoint. Current grade ranges are not all guaranteed to one universal endpoint. Request reports matched to your acceptance criteria before specification approval.
Application

Component selection and qualification

Choose the grade by exposure and function; verify electrical, contamination and mechanical requirements separately.

Cable and mesh trays
Review whisker and particle requirements near electronics, cut-edge coverage and installation damage. No suppression claim is established here.
Candidate · Innozinc; qualification required
Server racks and network cabinets
Frames, mounting rails and cage-nut interfaces require fit, bonding and particle-control checks.
Candidate · Innozinc; qualification required
Seismic supports, hangers and strut channels
Confirm structural approval, fastener grade and galvanic interfaces under the actual exposure conditions.
Candidate · Innozinc; qualification required
Threaded rods and anchors
Coating thickness affects thread allowance. Verify material grade, coated gauges and embrittlement requirements.
Candidate · Innozinc; qualification required
Raised-floor support structures
Panels, pedestals and stringers require corrosion, bonding and contamination review near underfloor airflow.
Candidate · Innozinc; qualification required
Supports near UPS and battery rooms
Chemical exposure depends on battery technology and ventilation. Confirm chemical compatibility; short immersion screening does not qualify an acid environment.
Candidate · Innozinc-h; qualification required
Coastal and outdoor supports
Review salt deposition, wetness and maintenance access for rooftop frames and exposed brackets.
Candidate · Innozinc-h; qualification required
Dissimilar-metal assemblies
Confirm stainless grade, area ratio, moisture exposure, isolation measures and assembly conditions.
Candidate · Innozinc-h; qualification required
Advantages

Additional specification considerations

Thin-deposit options · Verify dimensional fit

Thin deposits can support close tolerances, but thread fit and hole clearance must be verified on coated production parts. Repair any reworked surfaces as specified.

Chemical screening · Confirm compliance scope

Request analyte-specific reports and detection limits for the applicable material-approval checklist. A 26-analyte screen does not automatically establish RoHS, cleanroom or equipment approval.

Low-temperature process · Reduced thermal exposure

Ambient-temperature electrodeposition can reduce heat-related distortion risk. Confirm handling, geometry and the full process for thin or long components.

Post-fabrication edge coverage

Cutting or punching pre-coated sheet exposes edges. Coating after fabrication can cover accessible surfaces; confirm recesses, weld preparation and the required repair process.

Compatibility with subsequent paint

The cited topcoat evaluation reports 9.05 MPa / 6.20 MPa for its tested systems. Confirm paint, preparation, curing and adhesion method in the original report; do not treat ISO 20340 as the pull-off test method.

Process information for carbon assessment

Request process and carbon-assessment inputs, including system boundary, energy mix and production assumptions. No quantified lifecycle reduction is established here.

How it works

From technical review to approval

Coating changes may require customer and engineering approval. KEMP can help prepare the relevant reports and specification information.

1

Test documentation Product and project requirements

Share your component and requirements for guidance on relevant test reports and the technical catalogue. Document scope and response timing are advised for the requested materials.

2

Representative sample coating Terms and schedule by agreement

Agree sample quantity, fees, shipping and acceptance criteria. A representative dissimilar-metal joint can support assembly testing; confirm the test counterface and conditions.

3

Application-specific testing By agreement

Agree SST, galvanic, thickness, adhesion and any separate whisker qualification with the responsible laboratory. Request methods and raw data where available.

4

Mock-up and approval support By agreement

Request draft specification wording, relevant references and technical explanations. Engineering participation can be arranged as needed.

5

Production after approval Agreed specification

Place production orders after approval of the relevant grade, process controls and acceptance requirements.

Adoption Status

Data-center application references

Drawing on our supply record for threaded rods and cable trays, we provide guidance on applicable components and surface-treatment specifications.

Supply reference · June 2026

Korean data-center projects

KEMP began supplying threaded rods and cable trays for Korean data-center projects in June 2026. Contact our team for component specifications and application details.

Project identities and reference details are available subject to confidentiality and disclosure permissions.

Major Clients

Broader industrial references

KEMP supplies ceramic zinc coatings across power, heavy industry, shipbuilding and construction. Its data-center supply references include threaded rods and cable trays, with technical support for project-specific coating specifications and application evaluation.

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The logos identify KEMP's broader industrial supply references. Data-center components and evaluation scope are documented separately for each project; the logos do not constitute data-center qualification or endorsement of technical claims.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Questions for technical specification review.

What is evaluated for components near electronic equipment?
KEMP coordinates component-specific evaluation of coating microstructure, fabrication condition and service environment. The reported 96% corrosion-rate difference in potentiodynamic polarization testing is a corrosion indicator; neither this result nor an 8 µm coating thickness establishes zinc-whisker suppression. Assess zinc-whisker behaviour separately using a product-specific protocol agreed with a qualified laboratory. Tin-whisker standards do not automatically certify zinc coatings.
How are the Innozinc and Innozinc-h corrosion-resistance grades selected?
The representative SST ranges are Innozinc: 720–1,000 hr and Innozinc-h: 1,500–2,000 hr. KEMP provides specifications and test documentation matched to the required grade, thickness and white- or red-rust acceptance criteria. Compare equivalent specimens and endpoints; white- and red-rust hours are not interchangeable, and range endpoints should not be assumed to come from one specimen.
How are surface darkening and corrosion assessed?
Assess darkening as a surface-discoloration observation, separately from white rust, red rust and local damage. Coating condition, the affected area and service environment inform appearance, corrosion and repair criteria. Discoloration is not a validated predictor of whisker initiation, and no fixed darkening → whisker → white-rust sequence is established.
How should coating thickness and corrosion performance be compared?
Innozinc combines sacrificial protection from the zinc layer with the barrier function of the inorganic ceramic film. Thin plating limits dimensional change while addressing corrosion requirements. Compare laboratory results using specimen condition, pretreatment, thickness, acceptance criteria, exposure and wear. SST hours are not direct predictions of service life; assess field durability under actual operating conditions.
How are components in contact with SUS304 designed?
When applying Innozinc-h to carbon-steel components, consider the mating stainless-steel grade, contact-area ratio and electrolyte conditions. SUS304 is a base material, while Innozinc-h is a surface treatment on steel. Assess the complete metal couple and its environment against mechanical, corrosion and electrical requirements before selecting the material, coating and joint specification.
How can an existing component be evaluated before production adoption?
Select one representative component or a defined project area for sample evaluation. Drawings, material and required performance establish the treatment specification, quantity, cost and lead time. Agree comparative inspection and acceptance criteria before making production changes.
Can long or large components be processed?
Provide maximum dimensions, weight and geometry so KEMP can review fixture arrangement, tank fit, handling and lead time. Ambient-temperature plating reduces thermal-distortion exposure; final dimensions and assembly fit still require inspection against the component specification.
How are plating and manufacturing costs compared?
Quotations reflect component geometry, specific surface area, required specification and production volume. Compare plating, rework, touch-up and maintenance costs under equivalent requirements, then request a project-specific quotation.
How will technical documents and follow-up be provided?
Requested technical documents are provided by email, with follow-up based on your requirements. A phone number is optional if you prefer a call. Review the privacy notice before submitting contact information.
Technical review · Sample terms by agreement

Request technical reports
and a representative sample evaluation

  • Request available KTR third-party reports and the technical catalogue.
  • Agree sample coating and testing terms before sending parts.
  • A representative dissimilar-metal joint can support an agreed galvanic and assembly evaluation.
  • Request polarization / galvanic methods and available raw data; discuss a separate whisker qualification plan if needed.
  • Please provide material, part dimensions, quantity and intended exposure where available.
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